Namespace: rdfs Namespace: owl2xml Namespace: owl Namespace: xsd Namespace: rdf Namespace: function Ontology: Class: owl:Thing Class: Occurrent Annotations: rdfs:comment "Definition: As defined in BFO", rdfs:comment "Source: BFO" SubClassOf: owl:Thing Class: Process Annotations: rdfs:comment "Definition: As defined in BFO", rdfs:comment "Source: BFO" SubClassOf: Occurrent Class: Continuant Annotations: rdfs:comment "Definition: As defined in BFO", rdfs:comment "Source: BFO" SubClassOf: owl:Thing Class: IndependentContinuant Annotations: rdfs:comment "Definition: As defined in BFO", rdfs:comment "Source: BFO" SubClassOf: Continuant Class: DependentContinuant Annotations: rdfs:comment "Definition: As defined in BFO", rdfs:comment "Source: BFO" SubClassOf: Continuant, inheres_in some IndependentContinuant Class: RealizableEntity Annotations: rdfs:comment "Definition: As defined in BFO. Axiomatization modifed", rdfs:comment "Justification of Axiomatization: Has a universal link to Process. RealizableEntities do not need to be realized, but if they are, it will be in some end-directed activity Necessarily inheres_in an IndependentContinuant. This follows the definition from BFO; it may be incorrect, as it one of several axioms that prevent data, for example, having a function or role. Contains a covering axiom for Function and Role, which is there for completeness." SubClassOf: DependentContinuant, Function or Role, inheres_in some IndependentContinuant, realized_in only Process Class: Function Annotations: rdfs:comment "Definition: A function is a realizable entity which is either a biological function or an artifactual function.", rdfs:comment "Justification for Definition: Definitions for biological function and artifactual function are relatively different, but complete in themselves. Rather than attempting to produce a very generic definition which is very unspecific, I have instead defined function as a simple union type between the subtypes. This fulfils the requirements that biological and artifactual functions are not artifically separated, forcing a duplication of their hierarchies", rdfs:comment "Justification for Axiomatization: The covering axiom here replicates the definition. The existential function_of property reflects the desire that to be a function and individual be the function_of something. This relationship is both necessary and sufficient. Only Functions can be a function_of Currently, Function is disjoint with Role. I am not sure that this is correct, but I have no example to distinguish between the two as yet. " EquivalentTo: function_of some IndependentContinuant SubClassOf: RealizableEntity, ArtifactualFunction or BiologicalFunction DisjointWith: Role Class: ArtifactualFunction Annotations: rdfs:comment "Definition: As for current BFO Function: Function is a relizable entity the manifestation of which is an essentially end-directed activity of a continuant entity being a specific kind of entity in the kind or kinds of context that it is made for." SubClassOf: Function Class: BiologicalFunction Annotations: rdfs:comment "Definition: A biological function is a realizable entity that inheres in continuant which is realized in an activity, and where the homologous structure(s) of individuals of closely related species (or identical species) fulfil this same biological function.", rdfs:comment "Justification for Definition: The use of *structure* is generic and covers identifiable parts of organisms or their parts. The use of homology provides the link toward evolution in a way which allows a measurement. I have avoiding use of *selection*, as this would require us to differentiated between natural and sexual selection on one hand and artificial selection on the other. The current definition is recursive; you need at least two individuals to determine if a particular RealizableEntity is a BiologicalFunction. While this might appear to not be true of a definition reliant on co-ordinated gene expression, in practice it is; we would need at least two individuals showing similar gene expression to show that it is co-ordinate. ", rdfs:comment "Justification for Axiomatization: This should include a existential restriction function_of to a biological entity, as an specialization of the definition in Function. The latter does not exist in BFO at the current time, and so this has been omitted for simplicity. There is also no representation of the homologous structure. This class is not disjoint from ArtifactualFunction. It seems most sensible that a synthetically constructed organism has both biological and artifactual function at the same time. " SubClassOf: Function Class: Role Annotations: rdfs:comment "Definition: As defined in BFO. Axiomatization modified.", rdfs:comment "Justification for Axiomatization: Every role must be related to some IndependentContinuant by being a role_of it, which reflects the definition. This class is disjoint from Function -- see this class for a justification" EquivalentTo: role_of some IndependentContinuant SubClassOf: RealizableEntity DisjointWith: Function ObjectProperty: realized_in Annotations: rdfs:comment "Definition: is a relationship between a RealizableEntity and a Process, where RealizableEntity is apparent due to the involvement of the continuant on which it depends in that Process.", rdfs:comment "Justification for Definition: This definition is a bit unwieldy but comes about because it is the IndependentContinuant that is a participant in the process. " Domain: RealizableEntity Range: Process ObjectProperty: inheres_in InverseOf: bearer_of ObjectProperty: bearer_of InverseOf: inheres_in ObjectProperty: has_function Annotations: rdfs:comment "Justification for Axiomatization: We expect individuals at the range of this property to be asserted as RealizableEntity. The Domain and Range constraints will ensure that they individuals are properly classified as Function individuals." Domain: IndependentContinuant Range: Function InverseOf: function_of SubPropertyOf: bearer_of ObjectProperty: role_of Annotations: rdfs:comment "Justification for Axiomatization: See has_function" Domain: Role Range: IndependentContinuant InverseOf: has_role SubPropertyOf: inheres_in ObjectProperty: has_role Annotations: rdfs:comment "Justification for Axiomatization: See has_function" Domain: IndependentContinuant Range: Role InverseOf: role_of SubPropertyOf: bearer_of ObjectProperty: function_of Annotations: rdfs:comment "Justification for Axiomatization: See has_function" Domain: Function Range: IndependentContinuant InverseOf: has_function SubPropertyOf: inheres_in Class: ShockResisting Annotations: rdfs:comment "The process of reducing the forces resulting from ballistic collisions" SubClassOf: Process Class: ToResistShock Annotations: rdfs:comment "The realizable entity of involvement in ShockResisting. Notes: Individuals can be either a role or a function. We could add a is_function_of statement here, but it makes sense, as we'd have to enumerate all the things that it can be a function of. " SubClassOf: RealizableEntity, realized_in only ShockResisting Class: SoleOfShoe Annotations: rdfs:comment "The bottom part of a shoe. Notes: while we put in a has_function restriction, this does not cause reclassification of ToResistShock. This class is not essential to the example. We could just directly describe an individual soleOfShoe which is a continuant" SubClassOf: IndependentContinuant, has_function some ToResistShock Class: SoleOfFoot SubClassOf: IndependentContinuant, has_function some ToResistShock Class: SoleOfHumanPalm SubClassOf: IndependentContinuant, has_role some ToResistShock Individual: soleOfFoot Annotations: rdfs:comment "An individual sole of a foot." Types: SoleOfFoot Facts: has_function functionOfSoleOfFoot Individual: functionOfSoleOfFoot Annotations: rdfs:comment "Notes: An individual function element. In this case, we have asserted earlier as a fact that this is the function of the soleOfFoot. As a result of which, it will be inferred to be a function rather than a role." Types: ToResistShock Individual: soleOfShoe Types: SoleOfShoe Facts: has_function functionOfSoleOfShoe Individual: functionOfSoleOfShoe Types: ToResistShock Individual: roleOfPalmOfHumanHand Types: ToResistShock Individual: palmOfHumanHand Facts: has_role roleOfPalmOfHumanHand Class: ToReproduce SubClassOf: BiologicalFunction Class: ToLiquifyIron SubClassOf: RealizableEntity DisjointWith: BiologicalFunction